Anatomy of an Accessible Document

Employ headings in popular text editors such as Word, Google Docs, and Moodle to structure your document logically. By incorporating headings, users can easily scan the page for content areas, and screen reader users can benefit from the creation of a table of contents, enhancing navigation and accessibility.

Begin the following sections with a title or sentence that introduces the reader to the approaching topic. Using a unique headings system helps separate and classify sections. Heading 1 - 4 are the type sizes to help you show the relationship between ideas in your document. Heading 1 is the largest and bolded. Heading 2 is slightly smaller or in some way distinguished from first heading 1. Heading 3 is further distinguished by a smaller size, italicizing, and/or indentation from heading 1 and heading 2. This pattern continues so on with heading 4.

Headings should also be properly nested. Your headings should follow a clear outline where each heading goes one step down each time. For example starting from heading 1 you would go down to heading 2, you could have another heading 2 or go down to heading 3, then you could go to heading 3 or a heading 4. Always take one step down at a time but you can jump up to any heading number when you want to at any time.

Screen readers depend on lists to establish connections between items when presenting content to individuals with visual impairments, making the proper use of lists crucial for an inclusive reading experience.

Use numbered lists or bullet points depending on the context by providing short central principles of details. A proper list implies emphasis and summarization of the information.

Numbered lists: Use when order is important, such as a recipe. 
Bullet points: For a list of items

As you format the picture, add alt. text by describing the image as it relates to the topic. Providing alt. text improves accessibility by describing what an image is showing to your audience who do not have the ability to see them.

Note: When using complex images, include Alt text as you would for any other image but also include an additional description as a caption. (See Fig. 1 If more description is needed, include it in the content of the page.

Table Column Header

Add in the top left corner of a table a title for the type of information your audience will find in each column. This way your audience will be able to navigate the table by understanding its objective.

Table Row Header

Add on the top row of a table a title for the type of information your audience will find in each column. Marking a table header row tells your users how to read the table.

When choosing colors between background and text, select colors that stand out from each other (i.e. black and white, yellow and blue). Color contrast impacts the readability of your content, Especially for audiences who are low vision or audiences who are colorblind.

Use WebAIM's Color Contrast Checker to check for sufficient contrast.

Create a short and purposeful description of what happens when your audience clicks on the link. Meaning link texts aid your audience's navigation, while still understanding the context.